{"id":2196,"date":"2022-02-19T20:48:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-19T20:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/museudenonasp.com\/?p=2196"},"modified":"2026-09-26T16:53:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T16:53:06","slug":"les-mines-de-carbo-a-nonasp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/museudenonasp.com\/es\/les-mines-de-carbo-a-nonasp\/","title":{"rendered":"Les mines de carb\u00f3 a Nonasp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Foto: 2021 Mina de Barber\u00e0n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conca minera de Mequinensa, compren una dotzena de poblacions, en una superf\u00edcie de 500 km2. Les m\u00e9s importants s\u00f3n Mequinensa i Fai\u00f3, a la prov\u00edncia de Saragossa, i Granja d\u2019Escarp, Ser\u00f2s i Almatret, a la de Lleida. I entre les menys importants, lo nostre poble: Nonasp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Lo carb\u00f3 de lignit, de la conca minera de Mequinensa, per la seua composici\u00f3 a set poc adequat per l\u2019\u00fas a les cases, per culpa de la formaci\u00f3 de fum i gasos t\u00f2xics per l\u2019elevat contingut en sofre, per\u00f2, encara que \u00e9s de baixa qualitat comparat en altres carbons, s\u00ed que s\u2019ha empleat molt per usos industrials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Al segle XIX, l\u2019extracci\u00f3 del lignit, es destina principalment a petites ind\u00fastries locals, que hi ha a Mequinensa, Granja d\u2019Escarp o Ser\u00f3s. \u00c9s l\u2019arribada del ferrocarril a Fai\u00f3 lo gener de 1892, lo que possibilitar\u00e0 lo transport a la ind\u00fastria de les principals ciutats de Catalunya, per tant, que creixo la demanda de carb\u00f3, s\u2019auriscon noves mines, se multiplico la producci\u00f3 i la necessitat de m\u00e0 d\u2019obra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Al terme de Nonasp, es coneix l\u2019exist\u00e8ncia d\u2019algunes mines, i per saber d\u2019elles, hem hagut que sol\u00b7licitar a l\u2019Arxiu Hist\u00f2ric Provincial de Saragossa, los expedients de concessions mineres que all\u00ed es conserven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2021 Mina de Barber\u00e0n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Cal dixar clar que les sol\u00b7licituds de concessions, es van fer en moments en qu\u00e8 la conjuntura econ\u00f2mica feia que los preus del lignit fossen molt elevats. Les prospeccions es van fer i a dia d\u2019avui, es poden veure lo forats dels canyos, per\u00f2 en la major part dels casos no es va arribar a extraure carb\u00f3 perqu\u00e8 les vetes eren molt pobres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


La primera sol\u00b7licitud documentada \u00e9s de l\u2019any 1900, i la realitza Jacinta Casanova Paris, que \u00e9s viuda del nonasp\u00ed Miguel Bern\u00fas Navarro, i tamb\u00e9, germana de moss\u00e8n Domingo Casanova Paris, que va exercir a Nonasp entre 1861 i 1904 en qu\u00e8 mor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


La sol\u00b7licitud es fa per mig d\u2019una carta dirigida al Governador Civil de Saragossa, lo 7 de maig de 1900, en la que demana per extraure mineral de lignit, una superf\u00edcie de 10.000 m2, al paratge de la Vall de Batea, partida del Rac\u00f3, en lo nom de \u201cPilar\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


La concessi\u00f3 \u00e9s aprovada i ser\u00e0 v\u00e0lida fins lo 31-03-1906, en qu\u00e8 per mig d\u2019una provid\u00e8ncia de l\u2019Enginyer de Mines, s\u2019acorda: \u201cCaduque el expediente de la mina de mineral lignito \u201cPilar\u201d, cuyo propietario es Do\u00f1a Jacinta Casanova, por no haber satisfecho el pago del canon de superficie durante cuatro trimestres consecutivos\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Interior mina de Barber\u00e0n <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Aquesta mina, al mapa \u201cPatrimoni de Nonasp\u201d<\/em> fet pels Amics de Nonasp, la podeu localitzar com a mina de Le\u00f3n, ja que segons testimonis orals, durant la 1\u00aa Guerra Mundial, un home de parlar castell\u00e0, i que era conegut per Le\u00f3n, tamb\u00e9 va fer l\u2019intent de posar-la en funcionament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Aquesta mina avui en dia, es pot veure un canyo, d\u2019escassament vint metres i una veta de carb\u00f3 d\u2019a penes uns pocs cent\u00edmetres, per lo que es pot afirmar, que no es va arribar a extraure carb\u00f3, tant, durant la concessi\u00f3 de Jacinta Casanova, com uns anys m\u00e9s tard, per aquell home anomenat Le\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Dins del context de la 1\u00aa Guerra Mundial, la demanda s\u2019incrementa per lo creixement industrial i la necessitat d\u2019utilitzar carb\u00f3 local per substituir lo que no pot arribar per mar a Catalunya. Aix\u00f2 fa que lo registre de concessions, la producci\u00f3 i los preus es disparen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


L\u2019any 1916, Joaquin Albiac Salvador, fa dos sol\u00b7licituds, una com mina Carmen i l\u2019altra com mina San Joaqu\u00edn, al paratge del Planbataller. Pot ser, degut al poc carb\u00f3 que hi troba, pocs dies despr\u00e9s, decideix cancel\u00b7lar la tramitaci\u00f3 de l\u2019expedient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Del mateix any, hi ha dos sol\u00b7licituds de Miguel Vilella Roc. La primera d\u201911 de novembre de 1916, en qu\u00e8 vol obrir una mina en lo nom de Pilar, al Sol de l\u2019Horta. Per\u00f2 al cap de pocs dies, 04 de desembre, renuncia a continuar en lo registre, en una carta que dirigeix al Governador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2020 Mina de Le\u00f3n al Rac\u00f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


La segona, \u00e9s del 26 de novembre de 1916, en qu\u00e8 demana una concessi\u00f3 en lo nom de Mina Dos Aguas, al paratge Pena del Planbataller. Ara s\u00ed que finalitza la tramitaci\u00f3, i al BOPZ del 15 d\u2019octubre de 1917, se publica que pot passar per la \u201cJefatura<\/em>\u201d de Mines per arreplegar lo t\u00edtol de propietat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


A la Pena del Planbataller, avui en dia, encara \u00e9s visible el punt a on es va fer la boca de la mina, i que es coneix com a \u201cmina de Roc\u201d.<\/em> Per culpa dels anys que han passat, no podem saber si sols es va fer la prospecci\u00f3 per saber si hi havia molt carb\u00f3, o b\u00e9, es va extraure carb\u00f3. Lo propietari M. Vilella conservaria la concessi\u00f3 fins a l\u2019any 1919, ja que al BOPZ de 18 de febrer 1920, se publica que la concessi\u00f3 est\u00e0 caducada per deure lo c\u00e0non de superf\u00edcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Del per\u00edode que compren la 1\u00aa Guerra Mundial, l\u2019any 1918, hi ha una sol\u00b7licitud de Manuel Sol\u00e9 Vila, de Fai\u00f3, per una concessi\u00f3 en lo nom de mina Maria, a la mateixa desembocadura de la Vall de Batea, al riu Matarranya. Per\u00f2 a principis de 1919, renuncia a continuar tramitant la concessi\u00f3, al\u00b7legant que no conv\u00e9 als seus interessos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2020 Mina de Le\u00f3n al Rac\u00f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


La ren\u00fancia es produeix despr\u00e9s de fer la prospecci\u00f3, ja que l\u2019any 1940, lo nonasp\u00ed Joaquin Albiac Salvador, sol\u00b7licita al mateix punt, una concessi\u00f3 en lo nom de Mina Carmen, al paratge serra de Ribers, i es diu: \u201cSe tomar\u00e1 como punto de partida el centro de una galer\u00eda antigua a la orilla del r\u00edo Matarra\u00f1a…\u201d<\/em> Per la falta de m\u00e9s documents a l\u2019expedient, no podem saber si va acabar la tramitaci\u00f3 o va renunciar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


L\u2019acabament de la Guerra Civil Espanyola, va propiciar que los productes b\u00e0sics escassegessen i lo carb\u00f3 per la ind\u00fastria no fos una excepci\u00f3, a m\u00e9s, hi havia falta d\u2019importaci\u00f3 per culpa de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Aix\u00f2 va fer que los preus fossen molt elevats i aprofitant la conjuntura de preus, los germans Barber\u00e1n, obrissen dos noves mines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


La primera d\u2019elles i sense cap dubte, la m\u00e9s important que hi ha hagut al terme de Nonasp, \u00e9s la mina que es coneix com de Barber\u00e1n i que la van obrir aprofitant una antiga explotaci\u00f3. Aquesta mina \u00e9s l\u2019\u00fanica del terme de Nonasp, que apareix a les estad\u00edstiques mineres espanyoles dels anys 40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Mina de Roc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Per con\u00e8ixer un poc la seua hist\u00f2ria, comen\u00e7aren llegint lo llibre \u201cFay\u00f3n, im\u00e1genes y palabras\u201d<\/em> de Francisco Carlos Sol\u00e9 Llop, a on parla dels or\u00edgens d\u2019aquesta mina i diu: \u201cA la derecha del Matarra\u00f1a y frente a l\u2019Horta del Mol\u00ed, pueden verse todav\u00eda algunas paredes que corresponden a la conocida mina de l\u2019Horta, que fue abierta por un hombre de Fay\u00f3n apellidado Sol\u00e9, permaneciendo en activo desde 1914 a 1921, aproximadamente\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Acabada la Guerra Civil Espanyola, Agust\u00edn Barber\u00e1n Borraz, presenta una sol\u00b7licitud al Governador Civil, datada lo 29 de febrer de 1940, i dirigida al \u201cDistrito minero de Zaragoza\u201d,<\/em> demanant vint pertinences mineres de carb\u00f3 (20.000 m2), en lo nom de \u201cAngelita\u201d<\/em>, al paratge de la serra de Les Tellerates, a prop del riu Matarranya. Al BOPZ de 29 de setembre de 1940, es publica l\u2019aprovaci\u00f3 de l\u2019expedient i lo 28 de maig de 1941, se li concedeix lo t\u00edtol de concessi\u00f3 minera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Per saber m\u00e9s coses d\u2019aquesta mina, ho farem per mig programa de la TV de Nonasp, d\u2019agost de 1995, en qu\u00e8 Daniel Maza entrevista a Manuel Melic Vallesp\u00ed \u201cFarfall\u201d<\/em> i Germ\u00e1n Mestre Barber\u00e1n \u201cSapo\u201d<\/em>. Los dos hi van treballar de picadors i durant l\u2019entrevista van explicar com ho recordaven:<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u201cLo dilluns mos carreg\u00e0vem lo fato al coll, i a peu pel castellet de Fai\u00f3 i aquells barrancs f\u00e8iem cap al de Murillo, despr\u00e9s riu avall i arrib\u00e0vem a la mina. Mos pren\u00edem pa tota la setmana. Lo que pod\u00edem… patates, algun conillet, per\u00f2 de carn poca i pa lo justet, perqu\u00e8 tot just era en acabar la guerra i la cosa estave magra. La garrafa del vi no mos faltave, en hi havie en sobres.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Interior de la mina de Roc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Cada dia mos f\u00e8iem lo topinet: En fesols, arr\u00f2s, una mica de fideus… Pa cenar, un plateret d\u2019arr\u00f2s, una mica de conill, br\u00f2cul… Pa esmorzar, una sardina… no hi havia altra cosa. Per dormir alguns ho feien en grallofes i altres damunt de fulla de pi, perqu\u00e8 de palla no en hi havie.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ere una mina pobra i al ser pobra tra\u00edem poca cosa, per\u00f2 aproximadament, tirant per damunt, de dos mil a dos mil cinc-cents quilos. Lo carb\u00f3 lo traiem a fora de la mina en carretons i lo tivavem per un tub de formig\u00f3 a baix a on hi havia uns carregadors. All\u00ed enculaven los carros i despr\u00e9s al\u00e7aven una portella i lo carb\u00f3 queia dins del carro i no feia falta carregar a pala.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Lo carb\u00f3 se baixave a Fai\u00f3 en dos carros. A un carro hi estaven Joaqu\u00edn \u201clo Canyardo\u201d i Joaqu\u00edn \u201clo Sustanciero\u201d, que formaven la parella, en un animal de cada casa. I l\u2019altra parella pal carro la feien lo cavall de ca \u201cPonset\u201d en lo fill, i una mula de cal \u201cMutxarro\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


De carregar, lo carros no podien carregar gaire, perqu\u00e8 per anar a Fai\u00f3, havien de passar lo riu, i la for\u00e7a dels animals era poca, perqu\u00e8 los faltave l\u2019aliment als pobres, i clar, los faltave la mitat de la carn pa fer for\u00e7a. Pos carregar, que te dir\u00e9, set o vuit-cents quilos, i encara en prou feines per passar lo riu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


De guanyar, se guanyave poc, perqu\u00e8 com los avances no mos donaven, perqu\u00e8 tot ere pedra en ve de carb\u00f3, van ficar un jornal de nou pessetes, i nou pessetes ere poc, perqu\u00e8 hi havia altres mines que es guanyave mes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2021 Mina Paquita<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Vam saber que a la mina del \u201cTubo\u201d que est\u00e0 al terme de Fai\u00f3 llogaven gent, i donaven divuit pessetes cada dia. Com que li vam dir a l\u2019oncle Joaqu\u00edn, naltros aqu\u00ed no hi tenim la vida, i valtros de fer lo forat tampoc. Casi tots los que treball\u00e0vem a la mina de Barber\u00e1n, vam anar a treballar a la mina de \u201cTubo\u201d, l\u2019oncle Rosendo, Mauset, Andr\u00e9s, lo Rosendo… Vam passar de guanyar nou pessetes a divuit…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Un altre nonasp\u00ed que hi va treballar, va ser Jos\u00e9 Giner Andreu, que segons un certificat expedit per Agust\u00edn Barber\u00e1n, va enganxar l\u2019un de mar\u00e7 de 1940, que si fem cas a la data de sol\u00b7licitud de concessi\u00f3, va ser l\u2019inici d\u2019activitat minera. I va plegar lo trenta de setembre de 1941, pot ser, coincidint en la marxa dels miners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Certificat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Un detall important dels entrevistats, \u00e9s que quan decideixen plegar li diuen a \u201cl\u2019oncle Joaquin\u201d<\/em>, quan la mina \u201cAngelita\u201d<\/em> era la propietat de son germ\u00e0 Agust\u00edn. En este sentit, un altre detall important mol dona Daniel Maza, a la revista \u201cEixam\u201d<\/em> n\u00ba 12, d\u2019abril de 2006, a on diu que lo nom de \u201cAngelita\u201d,<\/em> se li posa perqu\u00e8 aix\u00ed s\u2019anomenava la filla petita de Joaqu\u00edn Barber\u00e1n. Aquestos detalls, mos poden portar a pensar que los germans Barber\u00e1n explotaven les mines conjuntament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


La mina no sabem quant de temps va continuar oberta, l\u2019\u00fanica pista mos la dona l\u2019expedient, a on podem llegir que l\u2019any 1943 ja no es va pagar lo c\u00e0non de superf\u00edcie anual de 135,60 pessetes, i com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, al BOPZ de 17 de febrer de 1944 s\u2019anul\u00b7la la concessi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2021 Mina Paquita<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>
La falta de carb\u00f3 i, per tant, de rendibilitat de la mina \u201cAngelita\u201d<\/em>, va fer que los germans Barber\u00e1n fessen noves prospeccions. Per obrir una segona mina, ara ser\u00e0 Joaqu\u00edn Barber\u00e1n Borraz, lo qui sol\u00b7licita lo 09 de mar\u00e7 de 1942, una concessi\u00f3 de 24 pertinences mineres (24.000 m2), en lo nom de \u201cPaquita\u201d<\/em>, al paratge \u201cPas de les Agarces\u201d,<\/em> a un kil\u00f2metre riu amunt de l\u2019anterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Dos mesos m\u00e9s tard, lo 19 de maig de 1942, son germ\u00e0 Juan Ramon Barber\u00e1n Borraz, demana una ampliaci\u00f3 de la mina \u201cPaquita\u201d,<\/em> de 53 pertinences mineres (53.000 m2). D\u2019aquesta sol\u00b7licitud, no s\u2019acabar\u00e0 la tramitaci\u00f3, ja que en una carta datada a 23 de setembre de 1943, \u00e9s Agust\u00edn Barber\u00e1n qui ren\u00fancia, al\u00b7legant que: \u201cno tenemos intenci\u00f3n de hacer m\u00e1s gastos de manera que no nos interesa la ampliaci\u00f3n.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


De la mina \u201cPaquita\u201d<\/em> tamb\u00e9 sabem poca cosa, l\u2019\u00fanica informaci\u00f3 mos la dona los documents que hi ha a l\u2019expedient. Al BOPZ de 16 d\u2019octubre de 1943, se diu que lo Governador Civil ha aprovat l\u2019expedient de la mina i ordena expedir lo t\u00edtol de propietat. Un altre BOPZ de 19 de febrer de 1945, diu que \u00e9s dona per caducada la concessi\u00f3, per falta de pagament de 162,72 pessetes, import del c\u00e0non de superf\u00edcie anual de 1944.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


De mines ja no se n\u2019obris cap mes al terme de Nonasp. Per\u00f2 los homes de Nonasp, i sobretot los m\u00e9s joves, durant molts anys treballaran a les diferents mines de Mequinensa. Este fet, als Amics de Nonasp, mos ha perm\u00e8s arreplegar un bon grapat de fotos, que es podran veure molt prompte al nou espai que hem creat, dedicat als miners del nostre poble, les mines del nostre terme i a Dionisio Mill\u00e1n, empresari del carb\u00f3 a la Barcelona de principis del segle XX.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La conca minera de Mequinensa, compren una dotzena de poblacions, i entre les menys importants, lo nostre poble: Nonasp.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[33],"tags":[188,239],"class_list":["post-2196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amics","tag-mario-rius","tag-mines-carbo-nonasp"],"yoast_head":"\nLes mines de carb\u00f3 a Nonasp - Museu Etnol\u00f2gic de Nonasp<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/museudenonasp.com\/es\/les-mines-de-carbo-a-nonasp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les mines de carb\u00f3 a Nonasp - 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